泌尿时讯 发表时间:2025/4/12 23:26:12
编者按:对于那些对卡介苗(BCG)治疗无应答的非肌层浸润性膀胱癌(NMIBC),临床医生与研究人员正积极探寻新的治疗策略。其中溶瘤病毒疗法作为一种新兴手段,已展现出一定潜力。在2025年欧洲泌尿外科协会年会(EAU25)上,南加州大学(USC)Siamak Daneshmand教授介绍了两项溶瘤病毒相关研究(BOND-003 P队列和PIVOT-006研究)。《肿瘤瞭望-泌尿时讯》特邀Siamak Daneshmand教授分享这种溶瘤病毒的作用机制,以及该方案的安全性与疗效,并对未来的研究方向进行展望。
Siamak Daneshmand 教授:大家好,我是来自美国南加州大学(USC)的Siamak Daneshmand。在此次会议上,我们分享了两项摘要,一项是BOND-003研究中的P队列,专门针对BCG无应答的乳头状病变患者;另一项是PIVOT-006研究。Cretostimogene grenadenorepvec是一种条件性复制的溶瘤腺病毒。它通过结合膀胱癌细胞上广泛表达的柯萨奇病毒受体(Coxsackie and adenovirus receptor,CAR)进入肿瘤细胞。该病毒携带GM-CSF基因,并通过Rb-E2F1通路发挥作用。
病毒进入肿瘤细胞后,在细胞内选择性复制并导致细胞裂解,从而释放肿瘤相关抗原,进而激活免疫系统产生继发性抗肿瘤反应。也就是说,该药物通过“溶瘤+免疫激活”的双重机制起效。
在以往的研究中,该药物在治疗高级别、BCG无应答的NMIBC患者中表现出良好的疗效。而BOND-003 P队列研究的独特之处在于,它首次聚焦于仅有乳头状病变、无CIS的患者群体。
Dr. Siamak Daneshmand:Hi everyone, this is Siamak Daneshmand from USC in Los Angeles, California. Yes, we presented two abstracts here. One was the BOND-003 study, Cohort P, which is a new cohort specifically for patients with BCG-unresponsive papillary disease. The other study was PIVOT-006.
To answer your question, Cretostimogene grenadenorepvec is a conditionally replicating oncolytic adenovirus. It targets bladder cancer cells by binding to the Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor (CAR), which is highly expressed on most urothelial cancer cells. This virus is engineered to encode the GM-CSF gene and works through the Rb-E2F1 pathway.
Once the virus enters the cancer cell, it replicates selectively, leading to tumor cell lysis. This process releases tumor-associated antigens, which activate the immune system and trigger a secondary immune-mediated antitumor effect. In essence, the drug operates via a dual mechanism: direct destruction of cancer cells and induction of an anti-tumor immune response.
Previous trials have already shown its clinical activity in high-grade, BCG-unresponsive NMIBC. What makes the BOND-003 Cohort P trial unique is its focus on papillary-only disease, excluding CIS, which was the main population studied in earlier trials.
Siamak Daneshmand 教授:BOND-003研究已经开展了一段时间,我们对该药物的安全性已有较好的了解。整体耐受性非常好,未观察到3级或4级的不良事件。最常见的不良反应是局部膀胱症状,如排尿疼痛、尿频等,这在常规膀胱腔内治疗中都比较典型。
关于中危患者的疗效,目前我们正在通过PIVOT-006研究进一步评估。根据AUA的风险分类,中危NMIBC包括复发性、低级别乳头状肿瘤、直径大于3 cm的肿瘤、以及小的高级别Ta病灶。虽然最终数据尚未公布,但根据既往研究结果,我们对其安全性已有信心,疗效也展现出良好前景。正在进行的试验将有助于确认其在更广泛患者群体中的作用。
Dr. Siamak Daneshmand:The BOND-003 trial has been running for quite some time, so we have a good understanding of the safety profile of this agent. It’s very well tolerated, with no grade 3 or 4 adverse events reported. The most common side effects are local bladder symptoms, such as dysuria, urinary frequency, and irritation—very typical of any intravesical therapy.
When it comes to efficacy in intermediate-risk patients, that’s where the PIVOT-006 trial comes in. According to the AUA classification, intermediate-risk NMIBC includes recurrent low-grade papillary tumors, tumors over 3 cm, and small high-grade Ta lesions. Although final data are still pending, we already know from earlier studies that the therapy is safe and shows promise, and the ongoing trials will help confirm its role in this broader patient population.
Siamak Daneshmand 教授:是的,这正是目前的难点所在。目前我们尚未找到任何可以可靠预测疗效的分子标志物。这是未来研究中亟需突破的关键点。我们知道该病毒靶向的受体(即CAR)在大多数膀胱癌细胞中都有表达,这也解释了其在广泛患者群体中的疗效。但我们还没找到能帮我们判断这种治疗(或其他治疗)是否更适合某个患者的生物标志物。这类信息对未来制定治疗方案的先后顺序至关重要,能帮助我们判断哪些患者更适合某种治疗方案,而排除其他方案。这是优化患者治疗效果和实现个性化护理的关键一步。
Siamak Daneshmand 教授:未来还有很多值得探索的领域。我们的重点之一是评估该疗法在低级别病变中的疗效,这正是PIVOT-006研究的目标。同时,我们也希望进一步了解耐药机制,有的患者虽然表达了CAR受体,却无应答。
此外,我们也在进行多项基于尿液的相关性研究,以寻找可能预测疗效的生物标志物。这些研究将为量身定制治疗方案提供关键依据,并可能在不久的将来改变我们治疗NMIBC的方式。每一项新试验和数据集都将提供证据,我们希望优化这种治疗方法,为患者提供更个性化、更有效的治疗选择。
Dr. Siamak Daneshmand:There’s still so much more to investigate. One of our top priorities is to understand its efficacy in low-grade disease, which is being addressed in PIVOT-006. Another area of interest is unraveling mechanisms of resistance—why some patients don’t respond, despite having the CAR receptor.
We’re also conducting several urine-based correlative studies to identify biomarkers that may predict treatment response. These studies will provide critical insights for tailoring therapy and could transform how we approach NMIBC in the near future. With every new trial and dataset, we hope to refine this therapy and offer more personalized, effective options for our patients.
研究背景
研究方法
研究背景
研究方法
Siamak Daneshmand 教授
美国南加州大学(USC)泌尿肿瘤学主任
复杂生殖细胞肿瘤管理和晚期睾丸癌化疗后保留神经的腹膜后淋巴结清扫术(RPLND)方面的领先权威,并且是美国治疗该疾病最多的外科医生之一。
AUA非肌层浸润性膀胱癌指南专家组成员,也是AUA睾丸癌指南专家组成员。
目前担任SUO临床试验联盟 (SUO-CTC) 膀胱部门的主席。
现任AUA西部分会秘书。
连续13年被评为“美国顶级癌症医生”之一。
(来源:《肿瘤瞭望-泌尿时讯》编辑部)
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